The   total   area  of    Golaghat   district   is   3502 sq. km. and lies 100 meter   above   mean  sea  level.  It  is  bounded  by  the  river  Brahmaputra  on   the  North;  state  of  Nagaland on the South; district Jorhat on   the East  and  Karbi Anglong  and  Nagaon district on the West. It is situated between 26.0º to 27.1º latitudes and 93.0º to 94.18º longitudes.

Dhansiri is the main river, which originates from 'Laisang peak' of Nagaland. It flows through a distance of 352 km from south to north before joining the Brahmaputra.Its catchment  area is 1220 sq.  km.  Doyang, Nambor, Doigrung  and  Kalioni are  the four rivulets of    Dhansiri.  Doyang  originates  from  'Maw'  of   Nagaland  and joins  with  Dhansiri  at  the South  point of Golaghat town.The other rivulets originate from Karbi-Anglong and flow in a West to East direction. The river Kakodonga  marks the border of Golaghat and  Jorhat   districts.  It  also originates in Nagaland and flows in a South–North direction.

The  climate  is tropical with a hot  and   humid  weather  prevailing most of the  summer and monsoon months. Total average annual rainfall is 1300 mm. Maximum precipitation occur in the month of June and July. Maximum temperature is 38.0º C in month of June and minimum temperature is   10.0º C  in the month  of  December. Wind  direction  is   from  Northwest  to Southeast and North to South.

Tropical evergreen and semi evergreen forest; tropical grassland in Kaziranga National Park and Hydrophytic or swampy vegetation.

Nambor Reserve Forest  is very  rich  in plant  diversity. Rare and endangered plant species found  in  Nambor are   Angiopteris  Evecta, Schizaea  Digitata,  Dischidia   Rafflesiana,  D' Khasiana,  Balanophora  Diica,   Drosera   Burmanii,  Acanthephipium  Sylhetense,  Vanilla Pilifera and   Anoectochilus Sikkimensis.

Besides the one horned Rhino, Swamp Deer, Water Buffalo & Indian Elephant of Kaziranga National Park, Golaghat District harbours various other endangered  wildlife such  as  Turtle & Tortoise, Butterflies, Honeybee, Great Indian Hornbill, Bengal Florican, White wing  Wood Duck, Hoolak Gibbon, Pigtail Macaque, Slow loris, Chinese Pangolin etc.